MongoDB提供了兩個(gè)命令用來備份（mongodump）和恢復(fù)（mongorestore）數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)dump出來的格式是BSON的

1.mongodump 備份
用法：bin/mongodump [options]
舉例：將本機(jī)6666端口的數(shù)據(jù)庫備份到本機(jī)的/data/6666目錄下
bin/mongodump --port 6666 --directoryperdb -o /data/6666
connected to: 127.0.0.1:6666
all dbs
DATABASE: test  to  /data/6666/test
test.system.indexes to /data/6666/test/system.indexes.bson
1 objects
test.ints to /data/6666/test/ints.bson
4 objects
DATABASE: admin  to  /data/6666/admin

2.mongorestore 恢復(fù)
用法：bin/mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from]
舉例：將數(shù)據(jù)庫test刪除，然后從備份目錄恢復(fù)
> show dbs
admin  (empty)
local  4.201171875GB
test  0.203125GB
> use test
switched to db test
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "test", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin  (empty)
local  4.201171875GB
使用mongorestore恢復(fù)
bin/mongorestore -host 127.0.0.1:6666 --directoryperdb  /data/6666/ 
connected to: 127.0.0.1:6666
Wed Jul  6 16:37:33 /data/6666/test/ints.bson
Wed Jul  6 16:37:33  going into namespace [test.ints]
Wed Jul  6 16:37:33  4 objects found
Wed Jul  6 16:37:33 /data/6666/test/system.indexes.bson
Wed Jul  6 16:37:33  going into namespace [test.system.indexes]
Wed Jul  6 16:37:33 { name: "_id_", ns: "test.ints", key: { _id: 1 }, v: 0 }
Wed Jul  6 16:37:33  1 objects found
查看數(shù)據(jù)庫是否恢復(fù)
> show dbs
admin  (empty)
local  4.201171875GB
test  0.203125GB
mongorestore有個(gè)參數(shù)--drop，使用此參數(shù)，會(huì)先將集合里的數(shù)據(jù)都刪除了再恢復(fù)
就是說，如果你備份完數(shù)據(jù)后有新增數(shù)據(jù)，那么使用--drop，新增的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)不見
不使用此參數(shù)，恢復(fù)備份的時(shí)候新增的數(shù)據(jù)依然存在