前言:首先有這樣一個需求,需要統(tǒng)計一篇10000字的文章,需要統(tǒng)計里面哪些詞出現(xiàn)的頻率比較高,這里面比較重要的是如何對文章中的一段話進行分詞,例如“北京是×××的首都”,“北京”,“×××”,“中華”,“華人”,“人民”,“共和國”,“首都”這些是一個詞,需要切分出來,而“京是”“民共”這些就不是有意義的詞,所以不能分出來。這些分詞的規(guī)則如果自己去寫,是一件很麻煩的事,利用開源的IK分詞,就可以很容易的做到。并且可以根據(jù)分詞的模式來決定分詞的顆粒度。
成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)堅持“要么做到,要么別承諾”的工作理念,服務領域包括:網(wǎng)站制作、成都網(wǎng)站設計、企業(yè)官網(wǎng)、英文網(wǎng)站、手機端網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)站推廣等服務,滿足客戶于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的伊川網(wǎng)站設計、移動媒體設計的需求,幫助企業(yè)找到有效的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)解決方案。努力成為您成熟可靠的網(wǎng)絡建設合作伙伴!ik_max_word: 會將文本做最細粒度的拆分,比如會將“×××國歌”拆分為“×××,中華人民,中華,華人,人民共和國,人民,人,民,共和國,共和,和,國國,國歌”,會窮盡各種可能的組合;
ik_smart: 會做最粗粒度的拆分,比如會將“×××國歌”拆分為“×××,國歌”。
一:首先要準備環(huán)境
如果有ES環(huán)境可以跳過前兩步,這里我假設你只有一臺剛裝好的CentOS6.X系統(tǒng),方便你跑通這個流程。
(1)安裝jdk。
$ wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u111-b14/jdk-8u111-linux-x64.rpm $ rpm -ivh jdk-8u111-linux-x64.rpm(2)安裝ES
$ wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/rpm/elasticsearch/2.4.2/elasticsearch-2.4.2.rpm $ rpm -iv elasticsearch-2.4.2.rpm(3)安裝IK分詞器
在github上面下載1.10.2版本的ik分詞,注意:es版本為2.4.2,兼容的版本為1.10.2。
$ mkdir /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/ik $ wget https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v1.10.2/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.2.zip $ unzip elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.2.zip -d /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/ik(4)配置ES
$ vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml ###### Cluster ###### cluster.name: test ###### Node ###### node.name: test-10.10.10.10 node.master: true node.data: true ###### Index ###### index.number_of_shards: 5 index.number_of_replicas: 0 ###### Path ###### path.data: /data/elk/es path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch path.plugins: /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins ###### Refresh ###### refresh_interval: 5s ###### Memory ###### bootstrap.mlockall: true ###### Network ###### network.publish_host: 10.10.10.10 network.bind_host: 0.0.0.0 transport.tcp.port: 9300 ###### Http ###### http.enabled: true http.port : 9200 ###### IK ######## index.analysis.analyzer.ik.alias: [ik_analyzer] index.analysis.analyzer.ik.type: ik index.analysis.analyzer.ik_max_word.type: ik index.analysis.analyzer.ik_max_word.use_smart: false index.analysis.analyzer.ik_smart.type: ik index.analysis.analyzer.ik_smart.use_smart: true index.analysis.analyzer.default.type: ik(5)啟動ES
$ /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start(6)檢查es節(jié)點狀態(tài)
$ curl localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v #看到一個節(jié)點正常 host ip heap.percent ram.percent load node.role master name 10.10.10.10 10.10.10.10 16 52 0.00 d * test-10.10.10.10 $ curl localhost:9200/_cat/health?v #集群狀態(tài)為green epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init 1483672233 11:10:33 test green 1 1 0 0 0 0二:檢測分詞功能
(1)創(chuàng)建測試索引
$ curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/test(2)創(chuàng)建mapping
$ curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/test/fulltext/_mapping -d' { "fulltext": { "_all": { "analyzer": "ik" }, "properties": { "content": { "type" : "string", "boost" : 8.0, "term_vector" : "with_positions_offsets", "analyzer" : "ik", "include_in_all" : true } } } }'(3)測試數(shù)據(jù)
$ curl 'http://localhost:9200/index/_analyze?analyzer=ik&pretty=true' -d '{ "text":"美國留給伊拉克的是個爛攤子嗎" }'返回內容:
{ "tokens" : [ { "token" : "美國", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "留給", "start_offset" : 2, "end_offset" : 4, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "伊拉克", "start_offset" : 4, "end_offset" : 7, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "伊", "start_offset" : 4, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "拉", "start_offset" : 5, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 4 }, { "token" : "克", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 7, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "個", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "爛攤子", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 7 }, { "token" : "攤子", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 8 }, { "token" : "攤", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 12, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 9 }, { "token" : "子", "start_offset" : 12, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 10 }, { "token" : "嗎", "start_offset" : 13, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 11 } ] }三:開始導入真正的數(shù)據(jù)
(1)將中文的文本文件上傳到linux上面。
$ cat /tmp/zhongwen.txt 京津冀重污染天氣持續(xù) 督查發(fā)現(xiàn)有企業(yè)惡意生產(chǎn) 《孤芳不自賞》被指“摳像演戲” 制片人:特效不到位 奧巴馬不顧特朗普反對堅持外遷關塔那摩監(jiān)獄囚犯 . . . . 韓媒:日本叫停韓日貨幣互換磋商 韓財政部表遺憾 中國百萬年薪須交40多萬個稅 精英無奈出國發(fā)展注意:確保文本文件編碼為utf-8,否則后面?zhèn)鞯絜s會亂碼。
$ vim /tmp/zhongwen.txt命令模式下輸入:set fineencoding,即可看到fileencoding=utf-8。
如果是 fileencoding=utf-16le,則輸入:set fineencoding=utf-8
(2)創(chuàng)建索引和mapping
創(chuàng)建索引
$ curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/index創(chuàng)建mapping #對要分詞的字段message進行分詞器設置和fielddata設置。
$ curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/index/logs/_mapping -d ' { "logs": { "_all": { "analyzer": "ik" }, "properties": { "path": { "type": "string" }, "@timestamp": { "format": "strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis", "type": "date" }, "@version": { "type": "string" }, "host": { "type": "string" }, "message": { "include_in_all": true, "analyzer": "ik", "term_vector": "with_positions_offsets", "boost": 8, "type": "string", "fielddata" : { "format" : "true" } }, "tags": { "type": "string" } } } }'(3)使用logstash 將文本文件寫入到es中
安裝logstash
$ wget https://download.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/rpm/elasticsearch/2.1.1/elasticsearch-2.1.1.rpm $ rpm -ivh logstash-2.1.1.rpm配置logstash
$ vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/logstash.conf input { file { codec => 'json' path => "/tmp/zhongwen.txt" start_position => "beginning" } } output { elasticsearch { hosts => "10.10.10.10:9200" index => "index" flush_size => 3000 idle_flush_time => 2 workers => 4 } stdout { codec => rubydebug } }啟動
$ /etc/init.d/logstash start查看stdout輸出,就能判斷是否寫入es中。
$ tail -f /var/log/logstash.stdout(4)檢查索引中是否有數(shù)據(jù)
$ curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices/index?v' #可以看到有6007條數(shù)據(jù)。 health status index pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size green open index 5 0 6007 0 2.5mb 2.5mb$ curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/index/_search?pretty" { "took" : 1, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 5, "successful" : 5, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 5227, "max_score" : 1.0, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "index", "_type" : "logs", "_id" : "AVluC7Dpbw7ZlXPmUTSG", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "message" : "中國百萬年薪須交40多萬個稅 精英無奈出國發(fā)展", "tags" : [ "_jsonparsefailure" ], "@version" : "1", "@timestamp" : "2017-01-05T09:52:56.150Z", "host" : "0.0.0.0", "path" : "/tmp/333.log" } }, { "_index" : "index", "_type" : "logs", "_id" : "AVluC7Dpbw7ZlXPmUTSN", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "message" : "奧巴馬不顧特朗普反對堅持外遷關塔那摩監(jiān)獄囚犯", "tags" : [ "_jsonparsefailure" ], "@version" : "1", "@timestamp" : "2017-01-05T09:52:56.222Z", "host" : "0.0.0.0", "path" : "/tmp/333.log" } }四:開始計算分詞的詞頻,排序
(1)查詢所有詞出現(xiàn)頻率高的top10
$ curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/index/_search?pretty" -d' { "size" : 0, "aggs" : { "messages" : { "terms" : { "size" : 10, "field" : "message" } } } }'返回結果
{ "took" : 3, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 5, "successful" : 5, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 6007, "max_score" : 0.0, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "messages" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 154, "sum_other_doc_count" : 94992, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "一", "doc_count" : 1582 }, { "key" : "后", "doc_count" : 560 }, { "key" : "人", "doc_count" : 541 }, { "key" : "家", "doc_count" : 538 }, { "key" : "出", "doc_count" : 489 }, { "key" : "發(fā)", "doc_count" : 451 }, { "key" : "個", "doc_count" : 440 }, { "key" : "州", "doc_count" : 421 }, { "key" : "歲", "doc_count" : 405 }, { "key" : "子", "doc_count" : 402 } ] } } }(2)查詢所有兩字詞出現(xiàn)頻率高的top10
$ curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/index/_search?pretty" -d' { "size" : 0, "aggs" : { "messages" : { "terms" : { "size" : 10, "field" : "message", "include" : "[\u4E00-\u9FA5][\u4E00-\u9FA5]" } } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "message": {} } } }'返回
{ "took" : 22, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 5, "successful" : 5, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 6007, "max_score" : 0.0, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "messages" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 73, "sum_other_doc_count" : 42415, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "女子", "doc_count" : 291 }, { "key" : "男子", "doc_count" : 264 }, { "key" : "竟然", "doc_count" : 257 }, { "key" : "上海", "doc_count" : 255 }, { "key" : "這個", "doc_count" : 238 }, { "key" : "女孩", "doc_count" : 174 }, { "key" : "這些", "doc_count" : 167 }, { "key" : "一個", "doc_count" : 159 }, { "key" : "注意", "doc_count" : 143 }, { "key" : "這樣", "doc_count" : 142 } ] } } }(3)查詢所有兩字詞且不包含“女”字,出現(xiàn)頻率高的top10
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/index/_search?pretty" -d' { "size" : 0, "aggs" : { "messages" : { "terms" : { "size" : 10, "field" : "message", "include" : "[\u4E00-\u9FA5][\u4E00-\u9FA5]", "exclude" : "女.*" } } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "message": {} } } }'返回
{ "took" : 19, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 5, "successful" : 5, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 5227, "max_score" : 0.0, "hits" : [ ] }, "aggregations" : { "messages" : { "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 71, "sum_other_doc_count" : 41773, "buckets" : [ { "key" : "男子", "doc_count" : 264 }, { "key" : "竟然", "doc_count" : 257 }, { "key" : "上海", "doc_count" : 255 }, { "key" : "這個", "doc_count" : 238 }, { "key" : "這些", "doc_count" : 167 }, { "key" : "一個", "doc_count" : 159 }, { "key" : "注意", "doc_count" : 143 }, { "key" : "這樣", "doc_count" : 142 }, { "key" : "重慶", "doc_count" : 142 }, { "key" : "結果", "doc_count" : 137 } ] } } }還有更多的分詞策略,例如設置近義詞(設置“番茄”和“西紅柿”為同義詞,搜索“番茄”,“西紅柿”也會出來),設置拼音分詞(搜索“zhonghua”,“中華”也可以搜索出來)等等。
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本文標題:使用ES對中文文章進行分詞,并進行詞頻統(tǒng)計排序-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
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