MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中的多表查詢
這期內(nèi)容當(dāng)中小編將會給大家?guī)碛嘘P(guān)MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中的多表查詢，以專業(yè)的角度為大家分析和敘述，閱讀完這篇文章希望大家可以有所收獲。
10年積累的成都網(wǎng)站設(shè)計、成都網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、外貿(mào)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)經(jīng)驗，可以快速應(yīng)對客戶對網(wǎng)站的新想法和需求。提供各種問題對應(yīng)的解決方案。讓選擇我們的客戶得到更好、更有力的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)。我雖然不認(rèn)識你，你也不認(rèn)識我。但先網(wǎng)站制作后付款的網(wǎng)站建設(shè)流程，更有北屯免費網(wǎng)站建設(shè)讓你可以放心的選擇與我們合作。
多表查詢
查詢結(jié)果來自于多張表，即多表查詢
子查詢：在SQL語句嵌套著查詢語句，性能較差，基于某語句的查詢結(jié)果再次進(jìn)行的查詢
聯(lián)合查詢：UNION
交叉連接：笛卡爾乘積
內(nèi)連接：
等值連接：讓表之間的字段以“等值”建立連接關(guān)系
不等值連接:不等值連接查詢就是無條件判斷，若查詢多個表內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)，其中的數(shù)據(jù)不會同步，各自把各自的展現(xiàn)出來，沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。
自然連接:去掉重復(fù)列的等值連接
外連接：
左外連接：FROM tb1 LEFT JOIN tb2 ON tb1.col=tb2.col
右外連接：FROM tb1 RIGHT JOIN tb2 ON tb1.col=tb2.col
自連接：本表和本表進(jìn)行連接查詢
子查詢
常用在WHERE子句中的子查詢
1、用于比較表達(dá)式中的子查詢；子查詢僅能返回單個值(查詢s1表中大于平均年齡的人)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 where age > (select avg(age) from s1); +-------+--------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | StuID | Name | phone | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | +-------+--------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | | 4 | Ding Dian | NULL | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | | 5 | Yu Yutong | NULL | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | | 6 | Shi Qing | NULL | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | NULL | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | NULL | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | NULL | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | +-------+--------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2、查詢結(jié)果嵌入到另一個表里,小數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換整數(shù)會四舍五入
MariaDB [hellodb]> select avg(age) from s1 ; (查看s1表平均年齡) +----------+ | avg(age) | +----------+ | 25.0857 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers; （原來的表內(nèi)容） +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set age=(select avg(age) from s1); （插入查詢結(jié)果的表內(nèi)容，沒有指定字段會改掉所有） Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set age=48 where tid=4; （把tid為4的age修改為48做下面實驗用） Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 48 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set age=(select avg(age) from s1) where tid=4; （指定tid為4的age字段修改） Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
多表查詢:
用子循環(huán)查看s1表，顯示teachers表年齡大于s1表平均年齡的人的信息。
MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set age=45 where tid=1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set age=94 where tid=2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set age=77 where tid=3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) （以上是把年齡修改回來做實驗） MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers where age > (select avg(age) from s1); （多表子循環(huán)查詢平均年齡大于25的人） +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set age=26 where tid=4; （修改一下最后一條的年齡為26） Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers where age > (select avg(age) from s1); （最后一條也大于25就顯示出來了） +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
聯(lián)合查詢
union 縱向合并兩張表，表頭來自第一條查詢記錄.
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers
-> union
-> select stuid,name,age,gender from s1;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M |
| 26 | xietingfeng | 23 | M |
| 27 | liudehua | 18 | F |
| 28 | mahuateng | 20 | M |
| 29 | wuyanzu | 19 | M |
| 30 | wuzetian | 21 | F |
| 31 | Song Jiang | 18 | M |
| 32 | Zhang Sanfeng | 18 | M |
| 33 | Miejue Shitai | 18 | F |
| 34 | Lin Chaoying | 18 | F |
| 38 | abc | 20 | M |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select tid as id ,name,age,gender from teachers union select stuid,name,age,gender from s1; (起個別名替換掉表頭的tid并縱向合并兩張表)
+----+---------------+-----+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M |
| 26 | xietingfeng | 23 | M |
| 27 | liudehua | 18 | F |
| 28 | mahuateng | 20 | M |
| 29 | wuyanzu | 19 | M |
| 30 | wuzetian | 21 | F |
| 31 | Song Jiang | 18 | M |
| 32 | Zhang Sanfeng | 18 | M |
| 33 | Miejue Shitai | 18 | F |
| 34 | Lin Chaoying | 18 | F |
| 38 | abc | 20 | M |
+----+---------------+-----+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)union 自己和自己相連可以去重。
MariaDB [hellodb]> create table t2 select * from teachers; （先導(dǎo)一張表出來做實驗不能有主鍵，所以只用了這種方法導(dǎo)了數(shù)據(jù)沒有把主鍵導(dǎo)過來）
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from t2;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> desc t2;
+--------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| TID | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| Name | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| Age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| Gender | enum('F','M') | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
（添加重復(fù)的行做實驗）
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert into t2 set tid=4,name='linchaoying',age=26,gender='F'; （這條記錄添加的只有name不一樣少了個空格）
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert into t2 set tid=4,name='lin chaoying',age=26,gender='F'; （完全一樣加了一行）
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from t2;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F |
| 4 | linchaoying | 26 | F |
| 4 | lin chaoying | 26 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from t2 union select * from t2; （用union過濾掉重復(fù)的行，少一個空格的那條記錄過濾不了）
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F |
| 4 | linchaoying | 26 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)使用all 簡單連接兩張表不去重
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from t2 union all select * from t2; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F | | 4 | linchaoying | 26 | F | | 4 | lin chaoying | 26 | F | | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 26 | F | | 4 | linchaoying | 26 | F | | 4 | lin chaoying | 26 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
交叉連接
兩張表橫向組合，類似于笛卡爾乘積。 （cross join）
兩張表使用交叉連接就是這張表的每一行去和另一張表的所有行組合一遍，形成新的行。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 cross join teachers;
+-------+---------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| StuID | Name | phone | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-------+---------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 4 | Ding Dian | NULL | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 4 | Ding Dian | NULL | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 4 | Ding Dian | NULL | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 4 | Ding Dian | NULL | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | NULL | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | NULL | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | NULL | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | NULL | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 6 | Shi Qing | NULL | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 6 | Shi Qing | NULL | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 6 | Shi Qing | NULL | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 6 | Shi Qing | NULL | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 7 | Xi Ren | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 7 | Xi Ren | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 7 | Xi Ren | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 7 | Xi Ren | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | NULL | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | NULL | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | NULL | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | NULL | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | NULL | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | NULL | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | NULL | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | NULL | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | NULL | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | NULL | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | NULL | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | NULL | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | NULL | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | NULL | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | NULL | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | NULL | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | NULL | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | NULL | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | NULL | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | NULL | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | NULL | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | NULL | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | NULL | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | NULL | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | NULL | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 15 | Duan Yu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 15 | Duan Yu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 15 | Duan Yu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 15 | Duan Yu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | NULL | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | NULL | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | NULL | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | NULL | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 17 | Lin Chong | NULL | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 17 | Lin Chong | NULL | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 17 | Lin Chong | NULL | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 17 | Lin Chong | NULL | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 18 | Hua Rong | NULL | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 18 | Hua Rong | NULL | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 18 | Hua Rong | NULL | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 18 | Hua Rong | NULL | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | NULL | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | NULL | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | NULL | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | NULL | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 20 | Diao Chan | NULL | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 20 | Diao Chan | NULL | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 20 | Diao Chan | NULL | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 20 | Diao Chan | NULL | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | NULL | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | NULL | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | NULL | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | NULL | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | NULL | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | NULL | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | NULL | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | NULL | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 23 | Ma Chao | NULL | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 23 | Ma Chao | NULL | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 23 | Ma Chao | NULL | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 23 | Ma Chao | NULL | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 24 | Xu Xian | NULL | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 24 | Xu Xian | NULL | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 24 | Xu Xian | NULL | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 24 | Xu Xian | NULL | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | NULL | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | NULL | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | NULL | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | NULL | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 26 | xietingfeng | NULL | 23 | M | 2 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 26 | xietingfeng | NULL | 23 | M | 2 | 1 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 26 | xietingfeng | NULL | 23 | M | 2 | 1 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 26 | xietingfeng | NULL | 23 | M | 2 | 1 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 27 | liudehua | NULL | 18 | F | 1 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 27 | liudehua | NULL | 18 | F | 1 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 27 | liudehua | NULL | 18 | F | 1 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 27 | liudehua | NULL | 18 | F | 1 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 28 | mahuateng | NULL | 20 | M | 3 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 28 | mahuateng | NULL | 20 | M | 3 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 28 | mahuateng | NULL | 20 | M | 3 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 28 | mahuateng | NULL | 20 | M | 3 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 29 | wuyanzu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 29 | wuyanzu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 29 | wuyanzu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 29 | wuyanzu | NULL | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 30 | wuzetian | NULL | 21 | F | NULL | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 30 | wuzetian | NULL | 21 | F | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 30 | wuzetian | NULL | 21 | F | NULL | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 30 | wuzetian | NULL | 21 | F | NULL | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 31 | Song Jiang | NULL | 18 | M | 45 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 31 | Song Jiang | NULL | 18 | M | 45 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 31 | Song Jiang | NULL | 18 | M | 45 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 31 | Song Jiang | NULL | 18 | M | 45 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 32 | Zhang Sanfeng | NULL | 18 | M | 94 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 32 | Zhang Sanfeng | NULL | 18 | M | 94 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 32 | Zhang Sanfeng | NULL | 18 | M | 94 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 32 | Zhang Sanfeng | NULL | 18 | M | 94 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 33 | Miejue Shitai | NULL | 18 | F | 77 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 33 | Miejue Shitai | NULL | 18 | F | 77 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 33 | Miejue Shitai | NULL | 18 | F | 77 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 33 | Miejue Shitai | NULL | 18 | F | 77 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 34 | Lin Chaoying | NULL | 18 | F | 93 | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 34 | Lin Chaoying | NULL | 18 | F | 93 | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 34 | Lin Chaoying | NULL | 18 | F | 93 | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 34 | Lin Chaoying | NULL | 18 | F | 93 | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
| 38 | abc | NULL | 20 | M | NULL | NULL | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M |
| 38 | abc | NULL | 20 | M | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M |
| 38 | abc | NULL | 20 | M | NULL | NULL | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F |
| 38 | abc | NULL | 20 | M | NULL | NULL | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F |
+-------+---------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
140 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第一張表
0 1 2 3
1 2 3 4
第二張表
1 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
交叉連接后結(jié)果：
0 1 2 3 1 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 1 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5
兩張表換下位置不影響數(shù)據(jù)只是顯示效果變了而已:
1 3 4 5 0 1 2 3
1 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3
2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers , s1; （這個命令也可以交叉連接但是比較老了推薦使用第一種）
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+-------+---------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender | StuID | Name | phone | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+-------+---------------+-------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | NULL | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M | 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M | 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F | 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F | 2 | Shi Potian | NULL | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 1 | Song Jiang | 25 | M | 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | M | 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | F | 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | F | 3 | Xie Yanke | NULL | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |挑出兩張表的個別字段。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select name,age,gender from teachers cross join s1; (這里有兩個字段是重復(fù)的name，age兩個表都有)
ERROR 1052 (23000): Column 'name' in field list is ambiguous
MariaDB [hellodb]> select stuid,s1.name,tid,teachers.name from teachers cross join s1; （分別指定是哪個表的name）
+-------+---------------+-----+---------------+
| stuid | name | tid | name |
+-------+---------------+-----+---------------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
（省略了太長）
MariaDB [hellodb]> select stuid,s1.name,s1.age,tid,teachers.name,teachers.age from teachers cross join s1; （name和age都可以加在里面指定）
+-------+---------------+-----+-----+---------------+-----+
| stuid | name | age | tid | name | age |
+-------+---------------+-----+-----+---------------+-----+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | 1 | Song Jiang | 25 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 25 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 25 |
（省略了太長）
MariaDB [hellodb]> select stuid,s1.name as s1_name,tid,teachers.name as teachers_name from teachers cross join s1; (也可以加上別名來區(qū)分比較清晰)
+-------+---------------+-----+---------------+
| stuid | s1_name | tid | teachers_name |
+-------+---------------+-----+---------------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 1 | Song Jiang |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 3 | Miejue Shitai |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 4 | Lin Chaoying |
（省略）- 對表起別名利用表的別名來查詢數(shù)據(jù)。（定義別名是在字段的最后用在前面用，只在當(dāng)前字段生效）
MariaDB [hellodb]> select stuid,s.name as s1_name,s.age,t.name as teachers_name,t.age from teachers t cross join s1 s; +-------+---------------+-----+---------------+-----+ | stuid | s1_name | age | teachers_name | age | +-------+---------------+-----+---------------+-----+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | Song Jiang | 25 | | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | Song Jiang | 25 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | Song Jiang | 25 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | Song Jiang | 25 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | Zhang Sanfeng | 25 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | Miejue Shitai | 25 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | Lin Chaoying | 25 | MariaDB [hellodb]> select stuid,s1.name s1_name,s1.age,tid,t.name teacher_name,teachers.age from teachers t cross join s1; （別名定義之后不能使用原始名字） ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'teachers.age' in 'field list'
內(nèi)連接
等值連接：讓表之間的字段以“等值”建立連接關(guān)系
把兩個表有交集的地方連接起來
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 inner join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid; （三個個老師各教一個學(xué)生） +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> update s1 set teacherid=1 where stuid=25; （修改一下s1表的teacherid的值為1） Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 inner join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid; （再次使用這條命令，查看就是songjiang教兩個學(xué)生） +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 , t1 where s1.teacherid=t1.tid; (不加 inner join 的老寫法) +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- 內(nèi)連接之后過濾：先連接再過濾，顯示s1表大于30的人。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 inner join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid and s1.age >30; +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+--------------+-----+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+--------------+-----+--------+ | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+--------------+-----+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查詢完之后過濾
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 inner join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid where s1.a +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+--------------+-- | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | A +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+--------------+-- | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+-----+--------------+-- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
外連接
外連接：
左外連接：FROM tb1 LEFT JOIN tb2 ON tb1.col=tb2.col （排在前面的）
右外連接：FROM tb1 RIGHT JOIN tb2 ON tb1.col=tb2.col （排在后面的）
左外連接 left outer
學(xué)生表全留下來老師的只留下來有交集的地方。 (沒有交集的地方空值代替)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 left outer join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid; +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+------+---------------+------+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+------+---------------+------+--------+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+------+---------------+------+--------+ 25 rows in set (0.00 sec)
左外連接擴展用法
- 取出沒有老師教的學(xué)生 (用where指定)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from t1; （教師表） +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 left outer join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid where tid is null; （前面兩個，老師表里沒有這兩個老師的編號） +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+------+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+------+--------+ | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+------+--------+ 21 rows in set (0.00 sec)
右外鏈接：right outer
老師表全留下來，學(xué)生表有交集的地方留下來。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 right outer join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid; +-------+-------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+-------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | +-------+-------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
右外連接擴展用法
- 沒有教學(xué)生的老師留下來。 (和左外連接的邏輯是一樣的)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 right outer join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid where s1.teacherid is null; +-------+------+------+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-------+------+------+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | +-------+------+------+--------+---------+-----------+-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
完全外連接
和交叉連接不一樣 mysql不支持full outer join
把左外連接和右外連接用union聯(lián)合起來，有交集的地方對應(yīng)，沒有交集的也地方輸出出來。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from s1 left outer join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid
-> union
-> select * from s1 right outer join t1 on s1.teacherid=t1.tid;
+-------+---------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+------+---------------+------+--------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-------+---------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+------+---------------+------+--------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | 1 | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
+-------+---------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+------+---------------+------+--------+
26 rows in set (0.00 sec)完全外連接擴展用法：有交集的地方去除掉，只留外連接。
- 把沒有老師的學(xué)生，和沒有學(xué)生的老師取出來。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from (select s.stuid,s.name s_name,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name t_name from s1 s left outer join t1 t on s.teacherid=t.tid union select s.stuid,s.name,s.teacherid,t.tid,t.name from s1 s right outer join t1 t on s.teacherid=t.tid) as a where a.teacherid is null or a.tid is null; +-------+---------------+-----------+------+---------------+ | stuid | s_name | teacherid | tid | t_name | +-------+---------------+-----------+------+---------------+ | 2 | Shi Potian | 7 | NULL | NULL | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 16 | NULL | NULL | | 6 | Shi Qing | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 7 | Xi Ren | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 8 | Lin Daiyu | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 9 | Ren Yingying | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 10 | Yue Lingshan | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 12 | Wen Qingqing | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 15 | Duan Yu | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 16 | Xu Zhu | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 18 | Hua Rong | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 19 | Xue Baochai | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 20 | Diao Chan | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 21 | Huang Yueying | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 22 | Xiao Qiao | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 23 | Ma Chao | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | NULL | NULL | NULL | | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | +-------+---------------+-----------+------+---------------+ 22 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三張表查詢
取學(xué)生姓名，成績，科目。
先取出學(xué)生的姓名和成績 （分兩步做思路清晰一點）
MariaDB [hellodb]> select st.name,sc.courseid,sc.score from s1 st inner join scores sc on st.stuid=sc.stuid; +-------------+----------+-------+ | name | courseid | score | +-------------+----------+-------+ | Shi Zhongyu | 2 | 77 | | Shi Zhongyu | 6 | 93 | | Shi Potian | 2 | 47 | | Shi Potian | 5 | 97 | | Xie Yanke | 2 | 88 | | Xie Yanke | 6 | 75 | | Ding Dian | 5 | 71 | | Ding Dian | 2 | 89 | | Yu Yutong | 1 | 39 | | Yu Yutong | 7 | 63 | | Shi Qing | 1 | 96 | | Xi Ren | 1 | 86 | | Xi Ren | 7 | 83 | | Lin Daiyu | 4 | 57 | | Lin Daiyu | 3 | 93 | +-------------+----------+-------+ 15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在連接一次取出學(xué)生姓名，成績，科目。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select st.name,co.course,sc.score from s1 st inner join scores sc on st.stuid=sc.stuid inner join courses co on sc.courseid=co.courseid; +-------------+----------------+-------+ | name | course | score | +-------------+----------------+-------+ | Shi Zhongyu | Kuihua Baodian | 77 | | Shi Zhongyu | Weituo Zhang | 93 | | Shi Potian | Kuihua Baodian | 47 | | Shi Potian | Daiyu Zanghua | 97 | | Xie Yanke | Kuihua Baodian | 88 | | Xie Yanke | Weituo Zhang | 75 | | Ding Dian | Daiyu Zanghua | 71 | | Ding Dian | Kuihua Baodian | 89 | | Yu Yutong | Hamo Gong | 39 | | Yu Yutong | Dagou Bangfa | 63 | | Shi Qing | Hamo Gong | 96 | | Xi Ren | Hamo Gong | 86 | | Xi Ren | Dagou Bangfa | 83 | | Lin Daiyu | Taiji Quan | 57 | | Lin Daiyu | Jinshe Jianfa | 93 | +-------------+----------------+-------+ 15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
嚴(yán)禁出現(xiàn)四張表join的情況
自連接
自聯(lián)結(jié)顧名思義就是把一張表假設(shè)為兩張一樣的表，然后在做“多表查詢”
先構(gòu)建一張表
MariaDB [hellodb]> create table emp (id int, name char(20),leaderid int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> insert emp value(1,'huangshang',null); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> insert emp value(2,'taihou','huangshang'); ERROR 1366 (22007): Incorrect integer value: 'huangshang' for column `hellodb`.`emp`.`leaderid` at row 1 MariaDB [hellodb]> insert emp value(2,'taihou',1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> insert emp value(3,'guifei',2); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> insert emp value(4,'shufei',3); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from emp; +------+------------+----------+ | id | name | leaderid | +------+------------+----------+ | 1 | huangshang | NULL | | 2 | taihou | 1 | | 3 | guifei | 2 | | 4 | shufei | 3 | +------+------------+----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查詢表里的上級的姓名。
- 想象為兩張表 員工表 和上司表 起別名做成
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from emp as e inner join emp as l on e.leaderid=l.id; +------+--------+----------+------+------------+----------+ | id | name | leaderid | id | name | leaderid | +------+--------+----------+------+------------+----------+ | 2 | taihou | 1 | 1 | huangshang | NULL | | 3 | guifei | 2 | 2 | taihou | 1 | | 4 | shufei | 3 | 3 | guifei | 2 | +------+--------+----------+------+------------+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 取出來對應(yīng)的上級，但是缺失了最上級。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select e.name emp,l.name leader from emp as e inner join emp as l on e.leaderid=l.id; +--------+------------+ | emp | leader | +--------+------------+ | taihou | huangshang | | guifei | taihou | | shufei | guifei | +--------+------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 取出每個人對應(yīng)的上級的id。
MariaDB [hellodb]> select e.name emp,l.name leader from emp as e left join emp as l on e.leaderid=l.id; +------------+------------+ | emp | leader | +------------+------------+ | taihou | huangshang | | guifei | taihou | | shufei | guifei | | huangshang | NULL | +------------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SQL語句的關(guān)鍵字執(zhí)行順序
關(guān)于MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中的多表查詢就分享到這里了，希望以上內(nèi)容可以對大家有一定的幫助，可以學(xué)到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯，可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。
本文題目：MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中的多表查詢
網(wǎng)站網(wǎng)址：http://www.rwnh.cn/article20/jscijo.html
成都網(wǎng)站建設(shè)公司_創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)，為您提供網(wǎng)站收錄、手機網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、用戶體驗、全網(wǎng)營銷推廣、品牌網(wǎng)站制作
聲明：本網(wǎng)站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容（圖片、視頻和文字）以用戶投稿、用戶轉(zhuǎn)載內(nèi)容為主，如果涉及侵權(quán)請盡快告知，我們將會在第一時間刪除。文章觀點不代表本網(wǎng)站立場，如需處理請聯(lián)系客服。電話：028-86922220；郵箱：631063699@qq.com。內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載，或轉(zhuǎn)載時需注明來源： 創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
- 企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作注意事項 2021-01-21
- 北京企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作細(xì)節(jié) 2017-03-02
- 北京企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作怎樣挑選服務(wù)器 2021-10-20
- 企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作界面的多變性 2016-09-24
- 營銷型企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作首頁該怎么設(shè)計 2021-10-08
- 寶雞企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作 2013-11-09
- 企業(yè)網(wǎng)企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作 2016-12-03
- 企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作好之后后期維護要怎么做 2021-09-09
- 如何讓企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作體驗度更好？ 2022-12-06
- 企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作推廣中的看價格失誤 2013-11-22
- 企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作應(yīng)該避免的雷區(qū) 2021-11-12
- 企業(yè)網(wǎng)站制作如何減少無效的URL爬尋 2021-09-22