這篇文章將為大家詳細(xì)講解有關(guān)ASP.NET MVC路由配置的示例分析,小編覺得挺實(shí)用的,因此分享給大家做個(gè)參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲。
成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)是一家專注于網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)、成都網(wǎng)站建設(shè)與策劃設(shè)計(jì),日照網(wǎng)站建設(shè)哪家好?成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)做網(wǎng)站,專注于網(wǎng)站建設(shè)十載,網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)建站公司;建站業(yè)務(wù)涵蓋:日照等地區(qū)。日照做網(wǎng)站價(jià)格咨詢:18980820575先說一下基本的路由規(guī)則原則?;镜穆酚梢?guī)則是從特殊到一般排列,也就是最特殊(非主流)的規(guī)則在最前面,最一般(萬金油)的規(guī)則排在最后。這是因?yàn)槠ヅ渎酚梢?guī)則也是照著這個(gè)順序的。如果寫反了,那么即便你路由規(guī)則寫對了那照樣坐等404.
XD 首先說URL的構(gòu)造。 其實(shí)這個(gè)也談不上構(gòu)造,只是語法特性吧。
routes.MapRoute(name: "Default",url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } );
Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler()); routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });
個(gè)人覺得第一種比較易懂,第二種方便調(diào)試,第三種寫起來比較效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三種。
routes.MapRoute( "Default", // 路由名稱 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 帶有參數(shù)的 URL new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 參數(shù)默認(rèn)值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可選的意思) );
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
沒有占位符路由就是現(xiàn)成的寫死的。
比如這樣寫然后去訪問http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js,response也是完全沒問題的。 controller , action , area這三個(gè)保留字就別設(shè)靜態(tài)變量里面了。
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });
這種情況如果訪問 /Home/Index 的話,因?yàn)榈谌危╥d)沒有值,根據(jù)路由規(guī)則這個(gè)參數(shù)會(huì)被設(shè)為DefaultId
這個(gè)用viewbag給title賦值就能很明顯看出
ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
圖不貼了,結(jié)果是標(biāo)題顯示為DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面賦值,在視圖賦值沒法編譯的。
然后再回到默認(rèn)路由。 UrlParameter.Optional這個(gè)叫可選URL段.路由里沒有這個(gè)參數(shù)的話id為null。 照原文大致說法,這個(gè)可選URL段能用來實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)關(guān)注點(diǎn)的分離。剛才在路由里直接設(shè)定參數(shù)默認(rèn)值其實(shí)不是很好。照我的理解,實(shí)際參數(shù)是用戶發(fā)來的,我們做的只是定義形式參數(shù)名。但是,如果硬要給參數(shù)賦默認(rèn)值的話,建議用語法糖寫到action參數(shù)里面。比如:
public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd"){ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];return View();}
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });
在這里id和最后一段都是可變的,所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....
這個(gè)提醒一下記得引用命名空間,開啟IIS網(wǎng)站不然就是404。這個(gè)非常非主流,不建議瞎搞。
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
但是這樣寫的話數(shù)組排名不分先后的,如果有多個(gè)匹配的路由會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)。 然后作者提出了一種改進(jìn)寫法。
routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute","Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
這樣第一個(gè)URL段不是Home的都交給第二個(gè)處理 最后還可以設(shè)定這個(gè)路由找不到的話就不給后面的路由留后路啦,也就不再往下找啦。
Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About$"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
routes.MapPageRoute("", "", "~/Default.aspx"); routes.MapPageRoute("list", "Items/{action}", "~/Items/list.aspx", false, new RouteValueDictionary { { "action", "all" } }); routes.MapPageRoute("show", "Show/{action}", "~/show.aspx", false, new RouteValueDictionary { { "action", "all" } }); routes.MapPageRoute("edit", "Edit/{id}", "~/edit.aspx", false, new RouteValueDictionary { { "id", "1" } }, new RouteValueDictionary { { "id", @"\d+" } });
具體的可以看
使用Asp.Net4新特性路由創(chuàng)建WebForm應(yīng)用
或者官方msdn
首先要在路由注冊方法那里
//啟用路由特性映射 routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
這樣
[Route("Login")]
route特性才有效.該特性有好幾個(gè)重載.還有路由約束啊,順序啊,路由名之類的.
[RoutePrefix("reviews")]<br>[Route("{action=index}")]<br>public class ReviewsController : Controller<br>{<br>}
// eg: /users/5 [Route("users/{id:int}"] public ActionResult GetUserById(int id) { ... } // eg: users/ken [Route("users/{name}"] public ActionResult GetUserByName(string name) { ... }
// eg: /users/5 // but not /users/10000000000 because it is larger than int.MaxValue, // and not /users/0 because of the min(1) constraint. [Route("users/{id:int:min(1)}")] public ActionResult GetUserById(int id) { ... }
Constraint | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
alpha | Matches uppercase or lowercase Latin alphabet characters (a-z, A-Z) | {x:alpha} |
bool | Matches a Boolean value. | {x:bool} |
datetime | Matches a DateTime value. | {x:datetime} |
decimal | Matches a decimal value. | {x:decimal} |
double | Matches a 64-bit floating-point value. | {x:double} |
float | Matches a 32-bit floating-point value. | {x:float} |
guid | Matches a GUID value. | {x:guid} |
int | Matches a 32-bit integer value. | {x:int} |
length | Matches a string with the specified length or within a specified range of lengths. | {x:length(6)} {x:length(1,20)} |
long | Matches a 64-bit integer value. | {x:long} |
max | Matches an integer with a maximum value. | {x:max(10)} |
maxlength | Matches a string with a maximum length. | {x:maxlength(10)} |
min | Matches an integer with a minimum value. | {x:min(10)} |
minlength | Matches a string with a minimum length. | {x:minlength(10)} |
range | Matches an integer within a range of values. | {x:range(10,50)} |
regex | Matches a regular expression. | {x:regex(^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$)} |
具體的可以參考
Attribute Routing in ASP.NET MVC 5
對我來說,這樣的好處是分散了路由規(guī)則的定義.有人喜歡集中,我個(gè)人比較喜歡這種靈活的處理.因?yàn)檫@個(gè)action定義好后,我不需要跑到配置那里定義對應(yīng)的路由規(guī)則
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Routing; /// <summary> /// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface. /// </summary> public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint { private string requiredUserAgent; public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam) { requiredUserAgent = agentParam; } public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection) { return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null && httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent); } }
routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }, new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") }, new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });
比如這個(gè)就用來匹配是否是用谷歌瀏覽器訪問網(wǎng)頁的。
routes.RouteExistingFiles = true; routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });
瀏覽網(wǎng)站,以開啟 IIS Express,然后點(diǎn)顯示所有應(yīng)用程序-點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)站名稱-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule節(jié)點(diǎn)
<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
把這個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)里的preCondition刪除,變成
<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />
routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");
文件名還可以用 {filename}占位符。
IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler類的一個(gè)實(shí)例。路由系統(tǒng)通過硬-編碼識別這個(gè)Handler。如果這個(gè)規(guī)則匹配的話,后面的規(guī)則都無效了。 這也就是默認(rèn)的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");寫最前面的原因。
PM> Install-Package Moq
using System; using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; using System.Web; using Moq; using System.Web.Routing; using System.Reflection; [TestClass] public class RoutesTest { private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = "GET") { // create the mock request Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>(); mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath) .Returns(targetUrl); mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod); // create the mock response Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>(); mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier( It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s); // create the mock context, using the request and response Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>(); mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object); mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object); // return the mocked context return mockContext.Object; } private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = "GET") { // Arrange RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); // Act - process the route RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod)); // Assert Assert.IsNotNull(result); Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties)); } private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null) { Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) => { return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase .Compare(v1, v2) == 0; }; bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller) && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action); if (propertySet != null) { PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo) { if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name) && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name], pi.GetValue(propertySet, null)))) { result = false; break; } } } return result; } private void TestRouteFail(string url) { // Arrange RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); // Act - process the route RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url)); // Assert Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null); } [TestMethod] public void TestIncomingRoutes() { // check for the URL that we hope to receive TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index", "Admin", "Index"); // check that the values are being obtained from the segments TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two", "One", "Two"); // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失敗 TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失敗 TestRouteMatch("~/", "Home", "Index"); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer", "Customer", "Index"); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List", "Customer", "List"); TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失敗 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All" }); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete" }); TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm" }); } }
最后還是再推薦一下Adam Freeman寫的apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4這本書。稍微熟悉MVC的從第二部分開始讀好了。前面都是入門(對我來說是扯淡)。但總比國內(nèi)某些寫書的人好吧——把個(gè)開源項(xiàng)目的源代碼下載下來帖到書上面來,然后標(biāo)題起個(gè)深入解析XXXX,然后凈瞎扯淡。最后一千多頁的巨著又誕生了。Adam Freeman的風(fēng)格我就很喜歡,都是實(shí)例寫作,然后還在那邊書里面專門寫了大量的測試。
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